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“The superior man understands what is right; the inferior man understands what will sell.”

— Confucius Analects IV.16 (trans. James Legge)

Commentary

Confucius contrasts two orientations: the superior person is guided by rightness and principle; the inferior person by profit and self-interest. These lead to fundamentally different choices and characters.

The superior person might choose an action that harms their material interests but upholds principle. The inferior person chooses whatever generates profit, regardless of moral cost.

Over time, these different choices compound. The person of principle builds trust and influence; the person of profit builds resentment and instability. What seems wise in the short term reveals itself as foolish in the long term.

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