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“The superior man seeks within himself; the inferior man seeks within others.”

— Confucius Analects XV.21 (trans. James Legge)

Commentary

When things go wrong, the superior person looks inward to examine their own conduct and virtue. The inferior person blames others. This reflects two fundamentally different orientations to life and responsibility.

The superior person takes ownership of outcomes, acknowledging their role in creating them. This is not self-blame but mature responsibility. It opens the possibility of growth and change.

This teaching encourages self-examination and humility. One can only control one's own virtue; one cannot force others to change. Therefore, focus on cultivating oneself, trusting that virtue will influence others.

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