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“The superior man makes demands on himself; the inferior man makes demands on others.”

— Confucius Analects XV.20 (trans. James Legge)

Commentary

This fundamental distinction captures two opposite approaches to life. The superior person focuses on self-improvement and self-discipline. The inferior person focuses on blaming and controlling others.

The superior person recognizes that they can only truly change themselves. Trying to force others to change is futile and generates resentment. But changing oneself naturally influences others through moral example.

This reflects the Confucian emphasis on personal responsibility and the limitations of external coercion. Only internal cultivation produces lasting change.

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